Robert J. Sampson s Theories On Urban Neighborhoods And...

Robert J. Sampson is a criminologist, Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences and chair of the sociology department at Harvard University. He focuses heavily on the intersectionalities of race, poverty, age, and broken families in urban neighborhoods throughout his career. Robert emphasis that these intersectionalities are the causation of crime. Sampson is not a personality, biological, or opportunity theorist, but an soc-ecology theorist. He uses his theories that are more in a macro level. Sampson frequently studies the connection between neighborhoods and criminal behavior. He published many articles with many great criminologists, and wrote theories on urban neighborhoods. Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of†¦show more content†¦He realize how important it is to know the psychological aspect of an individual, but felt the obligation to look at the fundamentals of social patterns. In 1977 he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in sociology. He then entered graduate school in SUNY Albany, where he is specifically studying sociology and the roles of society. While doing that he met and work with powerful sociologists. One of the sociologist Travis Hirschi, who help him promote his research on crime from his article Causes of Delinquency. It was his most cited and influential studies of crime, and he became more interested in criminology. Sampson was also introduced to sociologists that made a huge impact on his whole career. The Chicago School of Urban Sociology talked about the rapidly growing population in the early 1900s in Chicago. In that particular time. Sociologist focus on the social criminal behavior can be influenced by urbanization, immigration, and social structures. Sampson said â€Å"One way I look at the city is to try to understand how different social phenomena are clustered in the same places and follow similar patterns over time.† (Profile of Robert J. Sampson) Sampson move to Chicago where he had a faculty teaching position in 1984 at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. But in 1991 he went to the University of Chicago, where he develops a project to study the urban neighborhoods in Chicago. Sampson and other researchers created thisShow MoreRelatedPoverty Is Not Only An Individual Problem2983 Words   |  12 PagesPoverty is not only an individual problem, but a societal problem. Harrell R. Rodgers wrote an article, â€Å"Why are People Poor in America?† Rodgers gives two categories of theories that are used when cultural /behavioral or structural/economic. Behavior/culture theorists look at the behavior, culture and values of the poor as the reason for poverty. While structural /ecIn western culture statistics are an excessively used tool in describing social issues. Numbers help explain a situation, butRead MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 PagesStudent Study Guide for Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers’ Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Applications Fourth Edition Prepared by Eric See Youngstown State University Roxbury Publishing Company Los Angeles, California 1 Student Study Guide by Eric See for Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application , 4th Edition by Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers Copyright  © 2004 Roxbury Publishing Company, Los Angeles, CaliforniaRead MoreEssay on The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison12486 Words   |  50 PagesAmerican University or the same criminal behavior, the poor are more likely to be arrested; if arrested, they are more likely to be charged; if charged, more likely to be convicted; if convicted, more likely to be sentenced to prison; and if sentenced, more likely to be given longer prison terms than members of the middle and upper classes.1 In other words, the image of the criminal population one sees in our nation’s jails and prisons is distorted by the shape of the criminal justice system itself. It

The Ecological Kuznets Bend ( Ekc ) - 6381 Words

This paper introduces a basic history of the ecological Kuznets bend (EKC). The EKC suggests that pointers of natural debasement first ascent, and afterward fall with expanding salary per capita. Late confirmation demonstrates nonetheless, that creating nations are tending to natural issues, now and again receiving created nation benchmarks with a brief while slack and in some cases performing superior to anything some well off nations, and that the EKC results have an exceptionally wobbly factual establishment. Another era of decay and productive wilderness models can help unravel the genuine relations in the middle of improvement and the earth and may prompt the destruction of the exemplary EKC. Introduction: The world is rising up out of the most extreme financial emergency of our lifetimes. Yet, the social and human expenses are high, and the capacity of our economies to develop and thrive will depend like never before on the nature of government activities and on solid and successful worldwide co-operation. Restoring dependability, confidence and development remains the need. The OECD has been working with the world s administrations and different associations to beat the emergency and get our economies moving once more. It is serving to shape the post-emergency world economy – to make it more grounded, cleaner and more pleasant. We have to convey higher development, work creation, neediness lessening and lower deficits. Any

Importance of Information Technology in Tourism Industry

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Information Technology in Tourism Industry. Answer: Introduction Information technology is very important part for every organization. There are many organizations in different industries that are using information technology in the business operations as they understand the importance and benefits of information technology. Not only organization, governments operating in the different countries are also using information technology in their management system. With the information technology, employees in the organizations feel relaxed as information technology are very helpful in reducing their workload in the business operations. Due to information technology, employees are able to manage the data of their work. In starting, employees can face difficulties in managing data on computers who are still managing data on paper but by the training, they would be comfortable with the information technology. In this report, for the discussion, Ritz-Carlton millennia hotel will be taken as this company is using information technology in its business oper ations. Ritz-Carlton millennia hotels information technology Ritz-Carlton millennia hotel is the largest company in the retail sector. Having the tagline of Always low prices, Ritz-Carlton millennia hotel always has low pricing strategy. On the basis of this strategy, the company has adopted and implemented the information technology in the business operations. Ritz-Carlton millennia hotel has used the information technology for the major business operations i.e. supplier and customer management, supply chain management, inventory management and customer services. In this report, the importance of the information technology in the business of Ritz-Carlton millennia hotel will be examined and importance of information technology in the company will be defined. This hotel is run by the Ritz Carlton group which has around 84 luxury hotels in around 26 countries. The main branch of this hotel is in Singapore. The hotel has superb structure which attracts the travelers. The hotel has also the perfect venue for the occasions such as reception and we ddings because the hotel provides high class facilities to the customers. The management of the hotel also provides cheap holiday packages to the customers and also provides the facility of e-bookings by online commerce system. Need of information technology There are four main aspects of information technology that can be used by any organization. Those four factors are hardware or external devices, software, telecommunication services, and human ware which include the strategies and techniques to manage the customers effectively. By the use of telecommunication software such as Google plus app, social media app, travel apps, Smartphone apps, tourism industry is able to help the managers and consumers of the tourism industry are able to connect all over the world. The hardware such as smart phones, laptops, computers and digital televisions, online payments systems which have decreased the operational cost as well as time in the tourism industry. From some years, the organizations in the tourism industry have implemented innovative human software system such customer relationship management (CRM), data base management system (DBMS), and management information system (MIS) to improve the management system to fulfill the demands of the cu stomers. Basically, an organization can make effective e decisions by the help of information technology. By implementing the information technology in the business, the organization will also be able to manage the process and procedures of the business to attract and target more and more customers. Importance of Information Technology Every organization builds up an information technology for improving the business strategy. The information technology can be described as a set of interconnected essentials that work together to accomplish a common goal and objective. Technology has become an important part of business organization from last few years. So, the use of information technology is become vital in the business. Along with this, increasing competition in the market is also a reason to adopt information technology in the business operations. Information technology is the key factor of increasing competitiveness of the organization in the market. Use of information technology in the tourism sector The tourism industry is continuously growing industry across the world as compared to the other industries. This industry is earning around more than 35% compared to other industries. The tourism organizations are using effective and high speed technology for the business operations and many software applications to manage the customers and supply chain within the organizations[6]. There are many benefits for the tourism companies by adopting the information technology in their business operations. Those benefits are as follows: The hotels and tourism companies are able to offer information individually and personally related to the travel packaged and hotel rates to the customers on their websites. By the economic and social ratings of places and the hotels on the social media, customers are now able to select the preferred and appropriate destinations and hotels, By improving the brand image through promotions and discount packages among the customers, organization can attract more customers, By the customer relationship management technology, the company is able to acquire loyal customers. It can be possible by gathering valuable information of customers by using CRM software. Information technology is useful for communicating with the customers. Basically, the devices in Information technology are used to analyze the data of regular customers. By the CRM system, the hotels are able define the objectives and job descriptions to the employees effectively. By using the Information technology in the hotel management, employees are able to reduce the workload in the operations. By the data management of the employees through Information technology, hotels are able to satisfy the customers as well as employees. Benefits and advantage of IT in tourism sector The Information technology has many benefits for the travel and hotel industry. Information technology has provided many easy modes for making payments. There is e-payment system by which customers need not come physically to make payments for hotel bookings. They can easily do it by the online payment system. Through Information technology, hotels are able to create their own websites to create brand awareness among the customers. By providing information regarding hotel and travel packages on social media, hotels are able to get the reviews from the customers. On the various social sites, hotels have created the pages for interacting with the customers. Now, many of the websites are also providing mobile portability so that customers would be able to view them as and when they want. The implementation of Information technology in the business unit of tourism industry can provide wide benefits to the organization. In the tourism sector, Information technology can increase the efficiency of the operations of hotels. Along with this, Information technology provides various opportunities to the hotel as well as customers. The internet is the profitable medium for the hotel industry in terms of sales. The operational cost in the tourism industry has been decreased as product distribution and services of the hotels are no more dependent on the printed catalogues and information can be reached to millions of the customers by the internet. Risks IT brings in tourism industry Although, Information technology has provided various opportunities to the tourism industry but broad use of the technology may bring some negative outcomes in the business operations of the organization. There are risks by implementing new technologies in the business operations. It can create problems for the employees and staff because they are unaware of new system and technology. Information technology risk includes human error spam, failure of hardware and software, and virus attack. These risks can impact the privacy of the customers as well as hotels. The risks of Information technology can be related to privacy, security and confidentiality. There can be risk related to security of the customers. The extensive use of online payments can result of incorrect financial transactions. The wrong operation can affect the goodwill and brand image of the company. The information of hotel and travel packages on the social media may be misled by hackers. Managing and monitoring Information technology There is great importance of Information technology in the organization. Regarding the implementation of new technology, it can be said that it requires balance between individuals and departments. It is not easy to implement information technology in the business operations as it requires more time and a vast amount. To manage and monitor the information technology, Ritz-Carlton millennia hotel has to do proper planning of cooperation of employees. In starting, it may create some issues and losses in the business but the fact is that technology would bring global competitiveness for long term. Hotel needs to ensure that all the systems are interconnected to each other. Conclusion Information Technology in the tourism industry has brought development in recent years and it will grow continuously in the future. The hotels in the tourism industry are going ahead as compared to others industries. Information technology includes all kinds of new and modern technologies such as mobile apps, e systems, video conferencing, and satellites systems in the business which helps the tourism industry as well as all the industries to make proper management system for the business and customers. The information technology plays an important role in increasing the productivity and efficiency of the organization so that the organization can be able to improve the relationship with the customers in the business process. References Ali, A. and Frew, A. (2014), ICT for sustainable tourism: a challenging relationship?, Inf Technol Tourism, 14(4), pp.261-264 Andreu, L., Alds, J., Bign, J. and Mattila, A., (2010), An analysis of e-business adoption and its impact on relational quality in travel agencysupplier relationships: Tourism Management, 31(6), pp.777-787 Balaguer, J. and Pernas, J. (2013), Relationship between spatial agglomeration and hotel prices, Evidence from business and tourism consumers: Tourism Management, 36, pp.391-400 Barreda, A. Bilgihan, A. (2013), An analysis of user?generated content for hotel experiences, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 4(3), pp.263-280 Berne, C., Garcia-Gonzalez, M. Mugica, J. (2012), How ICT shifts the power balance of tourism distribution channels, Tourism Management, 33(1), pp.205-214 Carvo, S. (2010), Embracing user generated content within destination management organizations to gain a competitive insight into visitors' profiles: WW Hospitality Tourism Themes, 2(4), pp.376-382 DiPietro, R. Wang, Y. (2010), Key issues for ICT applications: impacts and implications for hospitality operations: WW Hospitality Tourism Themes, 2(1), pp.49-6 Dudensing, R., Hughes, D. Shields, M. (2011), Perceptions of tourism promotion and business challenges: A survey-based comparison of tourism businesses and promotion organizations: Tourism Management, 32(6), pp.1453-1462 Gjerald, O. Lyngstad, H., (2015), Service risk perceptions and risk management strategies in business-to-business tourism partnerships. Tourism Management Perspectives, 13, pp.7-17 K, S. (2014), Significance of User-Generated Content in Travel and Tourism: An Exploratory Study, Journal of Tourism Hospitality, 03(03) Minghetti, V. Buhalis, D. (2009), Digital Divide in Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), pp.267-281 eri?, M. Gil-Saura, I., (2012), ICT, IMC, and Brand Equity in High-Quality Hotels of Dalmatia: An Analysis From Guest Perceptions, Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management, 21(8), pp.821-851 THE RITZ-CARLTON, M., (2015), Luxury Hotels Singapore - Singapore 5 Star Hotel | The Ritz-Carlton, https://www.ritzcarlton.com/en/Properties/Singapore/Default.htm (Accessed on 12th January 2017)

Night by Elie Wiesel an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Night by Elie Wiesel by Expert Bella Hamilton | 19 Dec 2016 Larson: Firstly, as a reporter, it is my duty to congratulate you on your winning the Nobel Prize for such a small book of just 128 pages. Need essay sample on "Night by Elie Wiesel" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Wiesel: It is a small book going by the number of pages. But going by its contents, it is the story of the four darkest years of the century, which concerns the entire humanity. Larson: There are several books on World War II, and the Nazi cruelties. What makes your book special? People Often Tell EssayLab professionals: How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper in time? Essay writers propose: Essay Help Provided Here With Beneficial Facilities! Top Essay Writing Company Wiesel: It is not for me to say that the book is special. Readers have found something touching about the contents. But I do wish to say one thing. The book is not written by pen, but through the strong emotions of the heart. Larson: What was the special appeal about the contents of the book? Wiesel: The story of the intense human tragedy. Many of the readers of the book, who directly and indirectly suffered the consequences of World War II, must have recollected their missing mother, raped sister, God forbid, friends and relatives, blood stream, the flying pieces of human flesh and the stinking bodies etc. Larson: Now, coming to your inpidual suffering, what was the life like between the years 1941 to 1945? Wiesel: The expectation of death every moment! The strong feeling that how God can run the affairs of human beings like this? How, human beings, claiming to be sparks of pinity, behave in such a dastardly manner. How can they gas the babies, bayonet and kill them in the most heinous manner? Why those who have the cross dangling on the neck, have no Christ in the heart? Larson: Please describe in detail about the concentration camps. Wiesel: It doesnt need the intelligent vocabulary for the graphic description. Horrid, horrid and more horrid! As I and my father were shifted from camp to camp, we never thought we shall stay alive to reach the next camp. With every shifting, the number of internees diminished. The style in which internees were butchered, are not even comparable to an animal slaughterhouse. Even the killing of animals has a purpose-to secure meat and protein for the appetite of human beings. Here the killings were purposeless. Without any previous enmity! Larson: Name the worst thing that happened to you. Wiesel: That I am still alivethe day we were separated from the rest of the family, mother and my dear sister, life was worst than death thereafter. We were a happy family. Larson: As a boy of 15 then, how did you absorb such grave shocks? Wiesel: My father beside was a great consolation. But for his presence, I just do not know what would have happened to me. Perhaps I would have been a patient in the lunatic asylum. Larson: And what was the silver lining? Wiesel: The final liberation by the American troops. Larson: Did you ever have the ambition to become a writer? Wiesel: Nevernor did I have any opportunity or enthusiasm to write down the notes of the day to day happenings during those four demonic years. Slightest suspicion on the part of the camp authorities would invite tortuous death. The dark events that were committed to memory, also by knowing which, the world outside would have a chance to know the realities of that ignoble period, are taken care of in the book. The description of the brutalities can go on and on endlessly. That is not the main purpose of the book. The book is a silent prayer to humanity that all must strive that such events are never repeated in future. Larson: How this can be achieved? Wiesel: If you mean any political creeds such as Capitalism, Socialism, Communism or Fascism can achieve it, it is impossible. The inpiduals are he building bricks of the society. The inpiduals need to change. Can any religion change people? The answer is both yes and no. Any religion, as it is practiced by the followers today, can not change the society. Mind-level conflicts are bogging down the real growth of religions. But practice of true spirituality can change human beings. Spirituality is something that transcends the mind. At that level, all differences cease; conflicts are no more there. We need to give such an orientation to human beings, right from childhood. When the thought process of the inpiduals changes, the action process also changes! When the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when the mind is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed, the society is changed. Universal peace then becomes an attainable reality. Larson: How your Night is different from your other works A Beggar in Jerusalem, The Fifth Son etc. Wiesel: They are also issue-based books. But Night is something special. Such a book can be written by any author only once in the lifetime. It is a not a well-researched book as such. It is straight from the heart. It is the song of my life and that of my Jewish community. Larson: From a boy in the concentration camp, to become a Professor at the Boston University, and to win the Nobel Prize! Is not the change metamorphic? Dont you still believe in God? Wiesel: An inpidual thinks of issues related to God etc. from the level of the progression of his mind. It is true that as an intensely suffering and a boy with a shattered personality and the devastated family, anybody in my position would turn cynical and will not believe in the existence of God. I was not wrong then; and I am not wrong now. Some Supreme Power ever runs affairs of the world. Larson: Night is your first novel. Its success rate is tremendous. What are your feelings about it? Wiesel: Not one of joy for the success as such. It is the success of human tragedy. But if the number of copies sold is any indication, for the stir that it created in the readers heart, and for the positive outcomes of the samewell, I feel I am amply rewarded. Larson: Recollection of the past is sweet, when the present state of affairs is sound. Is that so in your case well? Wiesel: No. How do you say that the present state of affairs is sound? Mindless violence on various pretexts is happening even now, tough on a smaller scale. This has to totally stop. Wiesel can never be the normal man, whatever is the level of present comfortable conditions. The image of the horror camps and that of the pile of stinking bodies at the crematoriums is ever imprinted on the portals of his mind. Larson: Thank you very much for the information Mr. Wiesel. Any final message to the humanity! Wiesel: The pages of human history daubed in bloodshed on account of mindless violence in World War I and II, Nanking, Nazi concentration camps, religious intolerance, color and race conflicts, aggrandizement of wealth, and territorial annexations, ask the crying question. How to make this Planet Earth heaven-like? The answer is simple and direct, Eyes full of understanding, hearts full of love and the life that refuses conflictsenough, these alone are enough! References Cited: Wiesel, Elie: Book: Night. Mass Market Paperback: 128 pages Publisher: Bantam (March 1, 1982) Language: English ISBN-10: 0553272535,ISBN-13: 978-0553272536